Water stored in plastic bottles can remain safe to drink for up to two years, provided it’s stored properly in a cool, dark place. However, the quality and taste can degrade over time, and factors like sunlight and heat can accelerate this process, potentially leaching chemicals from the plastic into the water.
How Long Can You Safely Store Water in Plastic Bottles?
Understanding the shelf life of bottled water is crucial for emergency preparedness and everyday hydration. While many assume bottled water lasts indefinitely, there are several factors influencing its potability and safety over time. Generally, unopened, commercially bottled water is best consumed within two years of its bottling date.
Factors Affecting Bottled Water Shelf Life
Several environmental and chemical factors can impact how long water remains safe and palatable in plastic containers.
- Sunlight Exposure: Direct sunlight can break down the plastic. This process can lead to the leaching of chemicals like BPA (Bisphenol A) and phthalates into the water. These chemicals are endocrine disruptors and can pose health risks.
- Heat: High temperatures accelerate the degradation of plastic. Storing bottles in a hot car or direct sun can significantly shorten their shelf life and increase chemical contamination.
- Type of Plastic: Not all plastics are created equal. Most bottled water comes in PET (polyethylene terephthalate), typically marked with a #1 recycling symbol. While generally safe for single use, prolonged storage, especially under adverse conditions, can still be problematic. Reusing these bottles repeatedly is not recommended.
- Contamination: Once a bottle is opened, the water is exposed to air and potential contaminants. It should be consumed within a few days to a week, even when refrigerated.
Understanding Bottling Dates and Expiration
Commercial bottled water often has a "best by" or expiration date. This date is not necessarily an indicator of safety but rather a guideline for optimal taste and quality. After this date, the water might still be safe to drink, but its flavor could be compromised.
Look for a bottling date on the container. This date is more informative than the expiration date. Knowing the bottling date allows you to estimate the two-year window for optimal storage.
Storing Water for Emergencies
For emergency water storage, it’s recommended to rotate your supply every six months to a year. This ensures you always have fresh, palatable water available. Store these bottles in a cool, dark, and dry place, away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures.
Consider using food-grade plastic containers specifically designed for long-term water storage if you are preparing for extended emergencies. These containers are often more durable and less prone to leaching.
Can Plastic Bottles Leach Chemicals into Water?
Yes, plastic bottles can leach chemicals into water, especially under certain conditions. The primary concern is the potential for chemicals to migrate from the plastic into the water over time.
Common Chemicals of Concern
- BPA: While many water bottles are now BPA-free, older bottles or those made from polycarbonate plastics might contain it. BPA is linked to hormonal imbalances and other health issues.
- Phthalates: These are used to make plastics more flexible and are also considered endocrine disruptors.
- Antimony: This is a catalyst used in PET plastic production. While levels are usually low, prolonged storage and heat can increase its presence in water.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) generally considers PET plastics safe for food and beverage contact. However, the consensus among many health organizations is to minimize exposure to these chemicals by avoiding prolonged storage in plastic and refraining from reusing single-use bottles.
Best Practices for Storing Bottled Water
To maximize the shelf life and maintain the quality of your bottled water, follow these guidelines:
- Store in a cool, dark place: Aim for a consistent temperature, ideally between 50-70°F (10-21°C).
- Avoid direct sunlight: Keep bottles away from windows and direct sun exposure.
- Do not reuse single-use bottles: These are designed for one-time use and can harbor bacteria or degrade over time.
- Check the expiration date: Consume water before its "best by" date for optimal taste.
- Inspect bottles: Discard any bottles that appear damaged, discolored, or have a strange odor.
Alternatives to Plastic for Water Storage
For long-term storage, especially for emergency supplies, consider these alternatives:
- Food-grade plastic containers: Look for containers specifically labeled for water storage.
- Stainless steel: Durable and inert, stainless steel is an excellent option for reusable water bottles.
- Glass: While breakable, glass is inert and does not leach chemicals.
- Water bricks: These are specifically designed for bulk water storage and are often made from durable, food-grade plastic.
Frequently Asked Questions About Storing Bottled Water
### How long is bottled water good for after the expiration date?
Bottled water is generally safe to drink for a period after its expiration date, as the date primarily indicates optimal quality. However, the taste and smell might diminish. For emergency preparedness, it’s best to rotate your supply every six months to a year to ensure freshness.
### Can you get sick from drinking old bottled water?
While unlikely to cause immediate sickness, drinking very old bottled water might lead to an unpleasant taste or odor. The primary concern with prolonged storage in plastic, especially under poor conditions, is the potential for chemical leaching, which can have long-term health implications.
### What is the best way to store water for a natural disaster?
For natural disasters, store water in clean, food-grade containers in a cool, dark place. Rotate your supply every six months. Aim for at least one gallon of water per person per day for a minimum of three days. Consider specialized water storage containers for longer-term needs.
Storing water correctly ensures you have a safe and refreshing supply. By understanding the factors that affect its shelf life and following best practices, you can confidently store bottled water for both daily use and emergencies.
If you’re preparing for emergencies, consider exploring DIY water purification methods or learning about proper food storage techniques to complement your water supply.